#Operating System

The kernel is the core of an operating system, managing memory, processes, and hardware. This guide explains what a kernel does, why it runs with special privileges, and the difference between kernel designs.

A file system is how an operating system organizes and keeps track of data on a drive. This guide explains what a file system does, why formats like NTFS, APFS, and ext4 exist, and why it matters when moving drives between devices.